Cultures are among the elements that
constitute the core of a society or social group. The most important are:
symbols, values, customs and language .
·
Symbol
Symbol is the central part of the culture. Symbol refers to
something that people
attach importance and which they use to communicate with others. More specifically, the symbols are words, objects, actions, sounds or pictures that have something else instead of themselves to represent. Symbolic thinking is unique and critical for people and cultures. It is the ability of people to learn a thing or event any phrase that give meaning and to understand and appreciate. No obvious natural or necessary connection between a symbol and what it symbolizes.
attach importance and which they use to communicate with others. More specifically, the symbols are words, objects, actions, sounds or pictures that have something else instead of themselves to represent. Symbolic thinking is unique and critical for people and cultures. It is the ability of people to learn a thing or event any phrase that give meaning and to understand and appreciate. No obvious natural or necessary connection between a symbol and what it symbolizes.
·
Language
Language, specifically defined as a system of verbal and often
written symbols terms how these symbols can be strung together to create a more
complex definition, is uniquely and owned by the people; It is an important
part of culture. Culture includes language and by language, culture is
communicated and transmitted. If no language it would be impossible to create,
develop and transmit culture to the next generation.
·
Values
These values are essential elements of the non-material culture.
They can be defined as abstract and general guidelines for our lives,
decisions, goals, choices and actions. They shared ideas of a group or society
as to what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable, acceptable
or unacceptable, ethical or unethical, and others, about one thing. These are
general road map for our lives. These values are shared and learned in the
group. They can be positive or negative. For example, honesty, truth - telling,
respect for others, hospitality, helping people in need, etc are positive
values. Examples of negative values is theft, obscene, lack of respect,
deception, lies, retrenchment, etc. The Hippocratic Oath dictates the medical
profession which practitioners should include, holds the secrets of patients
them what the help they can do no harm to the patient volunteers, etc. this is
an example of a positive value.
The values are dynamic,
meaning they change over time. They are static, meaning that they tend to
remain without significant changes. The amount will vary also, meaning they
vary from place to place and culture. Some values are universal, because
bio-psychological unity among people everywhere and at all times. In other
words, it is from the major similarities to humans, nature and desires. For
example, unlike for murder, concepts and skills in pain management, sanitation,
personal hygiene, cosmetics, incest taboo, etc.
·
Standards
Standards are also key elements of the culture. They are implicit
principle for social life, relationships and interactions. Standards are
detailed and specific rules for specific situations. They tell us how to do
something, what to do, what not to do, when to do it, why to do it, etc.
Standards are derived from the values do. This means that for each specific
criteria, there is an overall value that defines the content.Individuals can
not act in accordance with the specified value of the group. Therefore,
violation of norms and values that differ from the default values are
common.
Social norms can be divided into two. The folkways and mores
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More:
important and stronger social standards of life, safety, welfare and security
of the society or group or society. Violation and deviation from such
standards, can cause severe reactions forming the group. The highest standards
are considered the formal laws of a society or a group. Formal law is written
and codified social norms. The other way of mores mentioned convention.
Conventions established rules of conduct; they are generally accepted by
society ideals. Treaties can also be considered as a written and signed
agreement between countries that govern the behavior of individuals, groups and
nations.
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Folkways: Are developed by a group of people way of life. They are small
and detailed instructions, traditions or rules governing the day-to-day life
that help us effectively and properly functioning as members of a group. It may
violate such kind of criteria is not a severe punishment contrast infringing
behavior. They are less morally binding. In other words, folkways are behaving
and doing things appropriate way. Examples include table etiquette, rules
dressing, walking, talking, etc. Include Following folkways usually happens
automatically, without any national analysis and is based on the custom passed
down from generation to generation. They are not enforced by law, but by
informal social control. They are not to be in possession of important or
mandatory and morals, or moral standards, and their offense is not severely
punished as such. Folkways are even more binding, the people must act in
accordance with accepted standards. Some exceptional behavior is considered
eccentric behavior.Folkways variance with the laws and mores which they are
designed, implemented and maintained by public opinion, or custom, while the
law was established, designed, serviced and maintained by the political
authority of the society.
Folkways in turn can be divided into two
sub types: fashion and custom.
§ Fashion is a form of behavior, type folkways
socially approved at some point, but subject to seasonal changes. Trailers
combine alignment and compliance with the standards of a particular group.
§ Custom: Is folkway or form of social behavior has
a long period of time remained, the traditional and well established to be in a
society and received a degree of formal recognition. Custom is a pattern of
action shared by most or all members of a society. Behavior is a personality
trait, which, as is the custom group attribute. Fashion and practices can be
distinguished in that while the custom changes slower pace, fashion changes at
a faster pace.
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