The term "Hawthorne Effect" has been popularized by
researchers in social and behavioral sciences since the time of today's classic
exposure experiment. Historically in the formative period of application 'reasoning
and methodology call scientific way to understand human behavior”, these
experiments underscore the latter, strong reflection of social psychologist
Ralph Rosnow and Robert Rosenthal, such sixty years later, that 'the
application of what we consider a scientific way does not simplify the behavior
of a person, rather, it shows us how complicated a person's behavior is truly
the legacy of unveiling in Hawthorne from human complexity. behavior is now
packaged in the Hawthorne effect, a term which warns that the knowledge to be
able to have a greater impact on participants behavior in an experiment than
any single experimental variable whatsoever.
The effect of Hawthorne was identified from a series of studies
conducted in 1920 at Hawthorne Works, outside of Chicago. The company produces
electrical equipment. These studies are a major effort to systematically
examine the influences of factors in the labor productivity environment. For
the purposes of this evaluation, we can identify studies pertaining to the
effects of changing light levels, as reported in Snow (1927). In this series of
studies, the level of lighting in the workplace is systematically different for
employees performing repeating tasks. In one study, the effects of three
different levels of reducing labor production are assessed. In another study, a
control group gave a constant level of light, while an experimental group
received a gradual increase in light levels. To the surprise of researchers,
all these conditions lead to an increase in productivity. Even with lower
levels of lighting, productivity continues to grow. Also, productivity has
increased in the control group.
As usual, this concept refers to unexpected useful and beneficial
effects on experimental situations. Such effects would have made the subject of
the experiment realize that he is a participant in an experiment and thus the
issue of special attention true or thought. Such a consciousness is generally
said to have a positive effect on the functionality of the subject during the
duration of the experimental situation. Hawthorne effect is a known anecdotal
for job doctors, as it relates to experiments with improved plant lighting that
contributes to employee productivity. Gradually increasing the lighting level
resulted in a higher output until a person lowered the level below the baseline
and the output increased further. The moral effect of Hawthorne is the
transformation of people into their behavior when they think you are looking at
it and this principle has a greater medical implication to illustrate the
improved health of control groups.
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