INFO4MYSTREY , Best Mark Mystery

(prepared by Professor Edward G. Wertheim, College of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115) Table of Contents ·       Taylorism and Scientific Management ·       The Human Relations Movement ·       Theory X and Theory Y ·       Schools of Thought in Organizational Behavior Certainly large numbers of people have been doing work for a long time. Pyramids and many other huge monuments and structures were built, armies and governments were organized, Civilizations spread over vast territories. This took organization and management. There are some writings from antiquity that suggest that systematic approaches to management and organization did evolve and were transmitted to others. But the primary influences in organizations and management today stem from more recent events. Some would claim that to begin to understand our organizations today we need t...

165. Judged against this background, the higher education system in Pakistan does not perform well. Its relatively tiny size – only 3.7% of the 18 to 23 age cohort participates in higher education. Even though enrollment in both public and private institutions is increasing rapidly at approximately 30% per year, the gross enrollment ratio does not compare well with its competitors such as India (7%) and Malaysia (12%)42. 166. There are deficiencies in the quality of both skills and research output of the sector. Few of Pakistan’s public sector universities are ranked among the world’s top 500 universities. The number of faculty members having PhD degrees is low at 25%. The pass rates of undergraduates are also low and international recognition of qualifications limited for most universities. Although the per capita expenditure per student is many times higher than in the secondary sector, the sector used to be poorly funded for appropriate infrastructure incl...