Differences between data and information

Though the words 'data' and 'information' are often used interchangeably, there is clear distinction between the two. Some of the major differences are as follows:

• Data are facts but information, though based on data, is not fact.

• Though information arises from data, all data do not become information. There is a lot of selective filtering of data before processing them into information.

• Data are the result of routine recording of events and activities taking place. Generation of information is user-driven which is not always automatic.

• Data are independent of users whereas information is user dependent. Most information reports are designed to meet anticipated information needs of a user or a group of users. That is, information for one user is very likely to be data for other users.