Decision making is the
act of choosing between two or more courses of action. However, it must always
be remembered that there may not always be a 'correct' decision among the available choices.
Effective Decision Making .Although decisions can be made using either intuition or reasoning, a
combination of both approaches is often used. Whatever approach is used, it is usually helpful to structure decision making in order to Reduce more complicated decisions down to simpler steps. See how any decisions are arrived
at. Plan decision making to meet deadlines.
Stages
of Decision Making
These are the stages of decision making:
Stage
One: Listing all possible
solutions/options.
Stage
Two: Setting a time scale and deciding who is responsible
for the decision.
Stage Three: Information gathering.
Stage
Four: Weighing up the risks involved.
Stage
Five: Deciding on values, or in other
words what is important.
Stage
Six: Weighing up the pros and cons of
each course of action.
Stage
Seven: Making the decision.
Approaches
of Decisions Making
Three
approaches to decision making are avoiding, problem solving and problem seeking
Avoiding. One approach in decision making is to not make a choice -
that is, to avoid making a decision for the time being.
Problem
solving. Problem solving involves using
generic or ad hoc methods, in an orderly manner, for finding solutions
to specific problems.
Decision making might be regarded as a problem solving
activity which is terminated when a satisfactory
solution is reached
Problem
seeking . The process to clarify, understand
and state the problem(s). The process of
problem seeks to clarify, understand and state the problem(s).
Directive, analytical. conceptual. and
behavioral decision-making styles may be used depending upon the manager and nature of the situation.
·
The
decision-making style used will vary by the nature of the situation and the
decision that needs to be made.
·
In its simplest sense, decision making is the act of choosing between two or more courses of action. However, it must always be remembered that
there may not always be a 'correct' decision
among the available choices.
There are four essential styles of decision
making:
Directive: The
group leader solves the problem, using the information he possesses. He/she does not consult with anyone else nor seek
information in any form. This style assumes"
that the leader has sufficient information to examine all the relevant options
a. _ make an effective decision, but that is rarely the case.
·
Analytical: When the leader does not possess sufficient information
to make in effective decision, they will need to obtain information or skill
from others. They may not tell them what the problem is; normally, they simply
asks for information. The leader then evaluates the information and makes the decision.
·
Conceptual: The leader
explains the situation to the group or individuals whom he provides
with relevant information, and together they generate and evaluate many
possible solutions. This style tends to be
have a long-term perspective and, as a result, will be more creative and expansive in their approach entailing
a higher level of risk for the long-term benefit of the organization.
·
Behavioral: The leader explains the situation to the group or
individuals and provides the relevant
information. Together they attempt to reconcile differences and negotiate a solution that is acceptable to all parties. The leader
may consult with others before the meeting in order to prepare his case and
generate alternative decisions that are acceptable to them.
Decision Making Process |
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