
The reading process involves three phases: Before Reading, During Reading, and After Reading. This basic model can be used whether students are reading expository or narrative text.
Before Reading:
- Identify what you know about the topic. List specific ideas.
- Write specific questions which you would like answered.
- Make specific predictions about what you think you will learn.
- Preview the selection with attention to bold print, captions, and graphics.
During Reading:
- Generate mental pictures about what you are reading.
- Summarize what you have just read.
- Try to answer the questions you asked.
- Alter your predictions.
- Identify items or facts which are confusing. Reread to try and clear up confusions.
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After Reading:
- Create a final summary of what you have learned.
- State how you can use the information you have learned.
- Revisit text for clarification.
- Respond to questions.
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SQ3R
SQ3R is a five-step study plan to help students construct meaning while reading. It uses the elements of questioning, predicting, setting a purpose for reading, and monitoring for confusion. SQ3R includes the following steps:
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1. Survey
- Think about the title: “What do I know?” “What do I want to know?”
- Glance over headings and first sentences in paragraphs.
- Look at illustrations and graphic aids.
- Read the first paragraph.
- Read the last paragraph or summary.
2. Question
- Turn the title into a question.
- Write down any questions that some to mind during the survey.
- Turn headings into questions.
- Turn subheadings, illustrations, and graphic aids into questions.
- Write down unfamiliar vocabulary words and determine their meaning.
3. Read Actively
- Read to search for answers to questions.
- Respond to questions and use context clues for unfamiliar words.
- React to unclear passages, confusing terms, and questionable statements by generating additional questions.
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4. Recite
- Look away from the answers and the book to recall what was read.
- Recite answers to questions aloud or in writing.
- Reread text for unanswered questions.
5. Review
- Answer the major purpose question.
- Look over answers and all parts of the chapter to organize information.
- Summarize the information learned by drawing flow charts, writing a summary, participating in a group discussion, or by studying for a test.
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