According to Marx Weber, the
following distinctive features characterize a bureaucracy.
They are as follows:
i. Division
of Labour:-
Specialized experts are employed
in each position to perform specific tasks.
ii. Hierarchy
of Authority:-
This means that there is an
administrative hierarchy with each position under the supervision of a higher
authority or a structure of command.
iii. Written
Rules and Regulations:-
There are specific rules and procedures
which define in clear terms the responsibility of each member of the
organization and the coordination of different tasks. Rules and regulations are
important aspects of an organization for the efficiency and attainment of set
goals. It is through the rules, regulations, and procedures that an
organization ensures uniformity of performance of tasks.
iv. Impersonality:-
In bureaucracy there is
formalized and impartial methods of dealing with clients. Bureaucratic norms
and values dictate that officials perform their duties without the personal
consideration of people as individuals. This is meant to provide equal
treatment for the employees.
v. Employment
Based on Technical Qualifications:-
In a bureaucratic setting, the employment
of workers is usually based on specialized training and clear career structure.
In other words, employment of personnel is based on technical qualification rather
than favouritism. In addition the performance of workers is measured by specific
or set standards. Promotions of employees are also based on written personnel
policies or regulations and conditions, which workers have to satisfy before being
promoted from one position to another position.
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