Skip to main content

Characteristics of Statistics

1. Statistics are aggregate of facts:
              Statistics are aggregate of facts. A single figure cannot called statistics. Because can be drawn about such figures e.g. if we say that income of a person is RS 500, this figure is meaningless, because we cannot draw any conclusion about this figure i.e. whether the income of a person has increased or decrease. Thus the science of statistics is the science of aggregate and not of individuals.
2. Statistics are affected by multiplicity of causes:
Statistics (i.e. figure) obtained about a particular phenomena are due to a number of causes e.g. production of wheat depends on seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, rainfall etc. it is not possible to study the influence of these factors separately, because these factors jointly determine the yield.  
3. Statistics are placed in relation to each other:
Statistics are collected mainly for the purpose of comparison. Data collected must be comparable and homogenous e.g. if we compare the heights of persons with their income, it is not statistics, on the other hand if we compare the ages of husbands with the ages of their wives. Then it is called statistics.
4. Statistics are numerically expressed:
              Statistics are numerical statement of facts. Qualitative expression such as honestly, good, bad etc. do not form statistics e.g. consider the following statement “QUAID-E- AZAM was a great leader”. This is not a statistics statement.
If on the other hand, we say that per capita income in Pakistan in 1960 was RS 840 and RS 1400 in 1990. This is of course a statistics statement as per capita incomes is expressed numerically and is comparable. 
5. Statistics are collected in a systematic manner:
                  When statistics are collected in a systematic manner, then they may give accurate result. If they are collected in a haphazard manner, then the very purpose of collecting statistics will be damaged such statistics always leads to misleading conclusions. Thus there must be trained investigators and proper organizations for the collection of statistics

Comments

Post a Comment

any suggestion on my side

Popular posts from this blog

How to set up a passkey for your Apple account

  Passkeys are a new and more secure way to sign in to your Apple account. They are similar to passwords, but they are stored on your device and are not shared with Apple. This makes them more resistant to phishing attacks and other security threats. Passkeys are currently not available for Apple accounts. However, they are expected to be available in a future software update. Set up a passkey for Apple account When passkeys are available, you will be able to set up a passkey for your Apple account by following these steps: 1.     Go to the Settings app on your Apple device. 2.     Tap on your name at the top of the screen. 3.     Tap on "Password & Security." 4.     Tap on "Passkeys." 5.     Tap on "Set Up Passkey." 6.     Follow the on-screen instructions to create a passkey. Once you have created a passkey, you will be able to use it to sign in to your Apple account on...
Post a Comment
Read more

Requirement for connecting to the Internet

The basic requirements for connecting to the Internet are a computer device. In addition,   you need the following things, to connect to the Internet: (i)           Modem (ii)          Telephone wire (iii)         Internet Service Provider (ISP) (iv)        Internet connection (v)         Web-browsing software Modem (modulator-demodulator) A modem is a device that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines. Computer stored information digitally; information transmitted over telephone lines in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms. A modem can be either internal or external. The internal modem is attached to a slot on the motherboard. The external modem can be placed anywhere outside the system unit and connected to the ...
2 comments
Read more

Approaches of comparative education

  Apollo (1986) identified eight approaches to the study of Comparative Education. They are: 1. Problem Approach or Thematic approach 2. Case study approach 3. Area study approach 4. Historical approach 5. Descriptive approach  6. Philosophical approach  7. International approach and 8.  Gastronomic approach 1. Problem approach or thematic approach —   In this approach the investigator will first of all identify a particular educational problem in his own country. Then, he will begin to look for another country that has the same problem . —   The researcher will also study the education problem of another country in relation to their culture. The researcher will not only study the educational problem of another country but he will also examine the solution applied to such problem by the affected country . 2. Case study approach   —   In this approach, an education comparativist from Nigeria can go to Iraq to study the...
Post a Comment
Read more