People
People are the
main component of any organization that has to be managed. Every individual has
a personal goal to be achieved. Organizations must identify the need spectrum
of individuals and take suitable steps for its fulfilment to enable them to
perform effectively so that they complete their allotted task in time.
Relationship between the workers, with subordinates and superiors should be
established based on full understanding and complete faith based on mutual
trust so that it is easy to communicate and understand each other’s views. Work
teams and Groups play a vital role in the organization. Individual may have to
keep his personal interest aside if it conflicts with team or group goals. It
is the team goals, accomplishment of which contribute towards achieving
organizational goals. Apart from managing internal workforce, it is also
important to manage customers who are the end persons using organization’s
products or services. Utmost interest of stakeholders, government,
employees, social groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) must be kept
in mind as they play a dominant role in the society. Apart from the above,
adequate consideration should also be given to competitors, regulatory
agencies, labour force, suppliers and resource persons.
Structure
There are two
types of organizations, formal and informal. Informal organizations do not have
a specified structure. Formal organizations are build based upon the objective
set for it. Organizational structure in such organization is hierarchical in
nature, with people at each level having their own objectives, which
contributes towards fulfillment of over all organizational objectives. In such
organisastion people at lower levels report to higher level managers. The tier
system has the principle of unity of command inbuilt in it. The organization
structure may depend upon the size, number of products/services produced, skill
and experience of the employees, managerial staff and geographical location of
the organization. An organization may have several levels and pyramid like
organizational structure or flat structure. The efficiency of the organization
will depend upon the free flow of the information, efficient communication
system prevailing in the organization,
well-defined
authority and responsibility supported by detailed policies, rules and
regulations. The organization must have well laid out systems, which are understood
by workers, supervisors and managers. The leader must keep open mind while
dealing with subordinates and exercise full control over various systems,
levels and ensure planned productivity and achieve high level of job
satisfaction.
Technology
Managing
technology is an important job of any management. It is an important element of
any unit. Selection of technology, procurement, installation, operation and
maintenance is important and no compromise should be made in procuring latest
or advanced technology.
Various systems
and sub- systems should support technology that exists in an organization.
Based on the technology, an organization should formulate job structure and resultant
procurement of human resource so that they are complimentary to each other. Adequate
attention is also be paid to service industry. For example an appropriate
drill, procedures are installed in hospital industry to ensure that the
patients’ record is maintained properly. On line operations of all systems
relating to admission record, past treatment, drugs, availability of beds,
schedule of operations maintained so that the level of patients satisfaction is
raised. In minimum number of days, maximum numbers of patients should be
treated. Various processes required to regulate these functions form the important
part of service industry.
Jobs
Job is an
assignment assigned to an individual. It encompasses various tasks within it.
For example, Personnel manager wants to fill up twelve vacancies in production
department within three months. Job will have various tasks inbuilt in it like designing
of job specification, selection of media, advertising vacancies, scheduling of
selection and recruiting process. Manager, therefore have to manage various
tasks to accomplish a particular job.
This may form a
part of managerial functions. Adequate delegation, supervision, application of
various control techniques makes the job simpler for the manager. Introduction
of computers have made managerial functions simpler, as required information is
available for decision making.
Processes
Management of
processes and its inter-dependence is very crucial to high productivity and higher
job satisfaction. What is important for a manager is to ensure high morale of
the work force. To ensure this, he must identify various managerial dictums.
Select appropriate subordinates to carry out a job based on aptitude,
personality traits, mental build up and attitude. He should also involve
himself and lead subordinates by personal example. In defence services, it is
the quality of leadership, that motivates troops to achieve near impossible
task where every thing appears to be going wrong. Various role models assist leaders
in identifying as to which process, method or approach would be suitable to
mould
subordinates in
suitable frame that may be required by any organization. Nothing motivates workers
better if you give them their entitlements in full and train them to take up higher
jobs. By doing so, manager must develop and build an organizational culture
that will bind employees to a common cultural bond. During day-to-day
functions, managers must be transparent and maintain a high degree of value
system and display ethical behaviour. There are no short cuts to this and will
pay rich dividends in times to come.
External
Environment
What we have so
far discussed is various components of an organization that should be managed
properly. External environment also plays an important role in managing the points
discussed above. When we talk about managing people in the organization, what
we have to study and manage is the influence of culture and its impact on the
individual. A manager should examine as to how he is going to cope up with the
changes. Study of external environment is very wide and encompasses economic,
cultural, social, government rules and regulations, legal aspects, political
climate, demographics and its impact. If one scans the external environment
that is prevailing in Indian context, one will find that individuals are racing
to catch up the upper class as it relates to standards of living, material
possession, higher education, attempt to copy western culture, food habits,
dressing
pattern and the
like. Beauty parlors, pubs and cyber cafes around each corner are an ample evidence
of the impact of external environment. This trend has an impact on what
products or services are on priority in the society and indicates the behaviour
of an individual. If the above factors are evaluated appropriately, a manager
will be able to examine and predict human behaviour in the organization. It is
therefore important to evaluate market situation, competitors, and availability
of raw material, technology, availability of skilled, semi skilled and
non-skilled personnel. In addition, evaluate prevailing culture and how
individuals are likely to respond to the call of the organization. Some factors
like government rules, and political stability keep changing, the organizations
must cater for such contingencies. Manager must therefore keep in mind the
internal and external factors and make the best amalgam and work to achieve
organizational effectiveness.
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