Introduction:
Software development is generally considered to be composed of
several but interrelated phases: required analyzes, specifications, speculation
and detailed design, implementation, verification and verification, review and
maintenance. Most, if not all, in these stages can benefit from the disciplined
and intuitive use of formal methods.
A specification is intended to describe a expectations or existing
system in a way that system features are articulated and the details of the
execution are deleted. Thus, a language of specification is directed at
describing the types of possible implementations. A programming language, on the
other hand, aims to describe particular implementations. Of the recent formal
methods for specifications, algebraic specifications are more suitable: an
algebraic specification refers to a type of algebra is a series of operations
in different sets of values. Algebra is a possible implementation of the types
and names of operations that occur in detail.
Algebraic specifications are documented using notations that are
very close to mathematical notation for purposes. The first small result is a
proliferation of brackets. Moreover, this combination of mathematical notation
with axiomatic spelling is frightening to non-mathematicians.
A specification can be contemplated as a type of agreement between
software designer and its customers. It illustrates the requirement and
privileges of both parties. A specification binds customers and designers by
formulating the conditions under which the services of a product are
justifiable and by identifying the results when calling these services.
Specifications serve as a mechanism for developing questions. Building
specifications strengthen the designers to reflect on the meaning of the
requirements and the real characteristics and functionality of the designed
software system. Thus, the development of specifications helps designers to
better interpret these requirements and to see the differences in design,
inadequacy and deficiency at an early stage of software development.
Different specifications work may require different systems to
express the most desirable features. In addition, various logical systems may
be appropriate for explaining the different features of the same software
system, and so a number of logical systems may be helpful in a work with a
detail. It is therefore important that the designer of a software system can
prefer which logical systems to use.
Specific algebraic is a reserved method to specification that
emerged in the mid-1970s as a way to tackle data structures in an
implementation-free manner. The method is based on determining the types of data
used in a similar way for the study of different mathematical structures in
modern algebra. In this sense, comparative logic was chosen as the conformity
of specific characteristics and universal algebra and classes that provided the
underlying semantic techniques. Specific algebraic is one of the most
widely-developed accessions in the field of formal methods. The most primary
assumption based on the algebraic specification is that the programs are
composed of many class algebras consisting of a set of data values ranges with
the purposes in those rows.This level of concept corresponds to the view that
the accuracy of the input / output behaviour of a program leads to all of its
other functions. Another common aspect is that the specific characteristics of
the programs are made up of logical axioms, usually in a logical system in
which equality has a prominent role, and describes the assets that the
functionality is required to enjoy. A broad range of different algebraic
specification methods considers these two principles as their starting point.
Furthermore, within the algebraic specification approach, different
structuring and modularization constructions are defined as
·
Specifications can be drawn up in one step, allowing the problem in
question to be studied by systematically using the code of separating concerns
in a systematic way.
·
During the design phase, use can be done by the modular structure
introduced at the specification stage to simplify the proper implementation of
the system.

In general, the algebraic specification provides the framework for
formal software design descriptions. This framework provides a better
comprehension of the software development procedure and offers a methodological
perspective on various problems. Specific algebraic is a formal approach to
specification that relates to data constructions in an
implementation-independent way.
Specific algebraic technique is a technique used to identify the
behaviour of the system by using methods derived from abstract algebra.
Algebraic approach was initially designed for the description of abstract data
types and interfaces. The main commonly used notations for developing languages
of algebraic specifications are LARCH, ASL and OBJ.
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