Sociologists often classify the social control in two means:
1.
Informal means of social control
2.
Formal means of social control
1.
Informal means of social control
In large groups, relationships are close, direct and intimate.
Social control is often maintained through informal mechanisms such as customs,
traditions, folkways, traditions and religions. These are adopted forms of
informal groups. The informal way of social control includes established and
accepted institutions with regard to socialization, education, family,
marriage, religion, etc.
That is why this method of verification is based on the approval or
disapproval of those around us that our assessment is important to us. So the
three main groups that fall into this category are;
a.
Family:
Our core study of norms and values
is taught in the area of the family. So the family has a very important role in
socializing us and that is why it gives us an identity. In this area we have
learned the basic ethics of society and we learn to develop conscience. The
family controls us in a very small way - unless we are as bad as possible where
the sentence is clear and pronounced.
b.
Folkways:
Folkways are standards that
individuals follow. It is customary to do so. Adoption of folkways is not
enforced by law or any other social agency. It is the informal acceptance of
established skills in every group or society. For example, eating habits in
North and South India are different and these habits often persist even when
people move to another location away from him / her former environment.
c.
Mores:
The Mores refer to moral behavior as
distinct from the usual practice of folkways. They influence the value system
of a society and have a form of social regulation aimed at maintaining social order.
Mores endeavor to control the relationship between individuals in specified
situations, such as women and men, parents and children, students and teachers,
etc. They may also refer to general social relations in terms of honesty,
honesty, hard work, discipline, etc. Since mores are consciously designed and
created with a view to their care, violations often have penalties. These are
perhaps the most powerful mechanisms of informal control over society.
d.
Friends:
In sociology, the term "age
group" is often used as a replacement for the term "friends". A
peer group is a group of people of the same age as we associate. Peer groups
often do not teach us to be informal.
e.
Work Colleagues:
Like peer groups, but colleagues are more likely to abuse the way
they can control us.
f.
Customs:
Customers are the established training of people, which are
spontaneously but gradually established. Along with the regulation of social
life, they also bind them. In primitive societies, customs are powerful forms
of social control, but in modern times they have been weakened by an increase
in the forces of rationality and diversity.
g.
Religion:
Religion is a strong, even
unpredictable, influential influence on its supporters. Emile Durkheim refers
to religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices about sacred things.
Those who have common beliefs and practices are united by religion in the same
moral community.
2.
Formal Means of Social Control
The second form of control is formal social control. In sociology,
these institutions are called organizations or systems that carry the strict
rules, ideologies and morals that we often have to follow. The formal way of
social control comes from institutions such as state, law, education and
legitimate powers. They apply urgent proposals in the event of destruction.
a.
Law:
In primitive societies groups follow similar activities and share
direct, personal and intimate relationships with themselves. Folkways, mores
and customs are enough to control individual behaviors. There was almost no
doubt about the informal mechanism of social control. There is no doubt the
most obvious type of social control in society. The law is the most powerful
institution in terms of social control. These include the police and the
courts. It is now necessary and possible to regulate individual behavior by
forming a set of common laws that are supported by the state's legal,
administrative and political apparatus. The laws and enforcement authorities
are changed by customs and rules as behavioral regulators and ensure social
order and control. People have roots in customs, traditions, religions and
judicial decisions. That is why they often have moral dimensions. The moral
dimension and the fact that laws are supported by legal and institutional
arrangements allow them to conduct behavior on human behavior. Laws with both
legal and legal support are easily accepted.
b.
Education:
Education is often mentioned as a way of controlling the way in
which morality and citizenship are taught to students. It is often referred to
as the Hidden Curriculum; a curriculum you are learning without really thinking
about it. Along with the laws, education is a vital agency for social control.
It prepares the child for social life and teaches him the values of
discipline, cooperation, tolerance and fellowship. Educational institutions at
all levels pass through knowledge and ethics through formalized courses and behaviors
of behavior. The different levels of the education system in different
societies depend on the changing social, developmental and social needs.
However, in the inauguration of the industrial revolution, the focus has
changed as social development leads to a greater need for knowledge in other
creative areas and management practices. In schools, ideas about democracy,
secularism, equality and national goals are being introduced to students, in
addition to our shared history, culture, heritage, customs and values.
c.
State:
State roles are important in managing social control. Sociologists
describe the state as "an organization that is primarily designed to
maintain order and security, to exercise universal jurisdiction within
territorial boundaries, through laws supported by violence and recognized as
the most powerful authority ". State functions by government. Modern
nations are trying to be welfare states, that is, they want to offer citizens a
wider range of social services, such as education, medical care, age pensions
and loss benefits of work. These are achieved through the cooperation of
individuals and through the collective efforts of the media, civil society and
other social institutions.
a.
Health Service:
At first it may seem strange to suggest that Health Service is a
system of social control; but the memory, when we talk about social control, we
do not necessarily have to talk about negative controls, social control also
illustrates positive control
b.
Mass Media:
Mass media influence us by giving behavioral models that we have
copied while condemning other 'different' behavioral modes. It is something
that we will look at a later stage; In fact, it can be said that the media play
an increasingly important role in shaping public opinion than ever before.
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