There are many principles
around which is organized setting. The five social institutions in the
fundamental meaning:
Each institution conducts
two types of social functions.
These are:
(a) primary function, which is also called
public, express or direct function; and
(b) a second function, which also indirectly
called hidden or latent function. With these functions, social institutions
fulfill important social needs. The main functions of the five most important
social institutions are as follows.
1. The Family
The family is the most
important social unit in society. It is the building block of society. The
family performs two main functions. These are reproduction and socialization.
Society reproduces or recreates itself by families. Children born to join the
family for society. Parents play the role of nurturing, caring for, teaching
and training children; children are expected to play the role of a good and
informative trainees. The way parents feed, train and care for their children
varies toe forms of family organization. Nuclear family is a dominant form of family
organization in modern, industrialized and urban society. It usually consists
of husband wife and dependent children. Traditional, agrarian and rural
communities, family extruded dominating form. It consists of husband, wife /
husband, their children and other .
2. Economic Institutions
Every society needs
effective use of scarce resources. Goods and services should be made to meet
the basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and other economic
institutions are responsible for addressing the organization of production,
exchange, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
3. Religious institutions
This antisocial
institution is responsible for meeting (providing) the spiritual needs of
members of society. With puzzling questions about the meaning of human life,
human destiny, the universe, and other questions. Religion and related
institutions like the magic explanation for this puzzling paradox of life and
gives meaning and purpose of life. It helps people to cope with
purposelessness, meaninglessness and the feeling of alienation and frustration.
These institutions also help to meet the members of society in social values
and norms, and play their expected social roles appropriately. They also
provide a sense of social solidarity among the members of society.
4. political institutions
(Government and Law)
The social institutions
responsible for the protection of society from internal disorder, crime and
disorder; as well as from external threats and aggression. you are responsible
for maintaining peace and order in the micro and macro levels of them;
maintenance of social control; and maintaining the prosperity and well-being of
society.
5. Educational
The social institutions are
responsible for providing training for members of society. It serves as a
center of knowledge production, exchange and distribution. In general, schools
are responsible for the vertical and horizontal transfer of tangible and
intangible culture. Vertical transmission means the time from one generation to
another generation; where the number of horizontal transfer means over
geographic space, or from one company to another. Educational role of preparing
members of society for the status and role to play again associate good
citizens and workers, with different jobs.
Before the end of this
section, it is important to note that while the previous way of presenting the
nature and function of social institutions are often common in some of the
standard textbooks on introductory sociology, also we need them in a critical and
conflict theory approach. From such perspectives, social setting for their
functional and dysfunctional (meaning positive damaging and dangerous) to other
individuals and groups in society. This is partly because they often exist and
operate within the framework of classification and stratification, unequal
access to power and resources. From this point of view, social institutions are
not functional all members of society equally. They exist to promote the
interests and rights of some of society .
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