Organizational structure of Secondary Education (0827)

     Unit 2

Organizational structure of Secondary Education

Introduction

The education system is divided into four levels: pre-primary education, compulsory education (primary and lower secondary education with a structure), upper secondary  and higher education. Adult education and art schools are also available, mainly music schools. Preliminary education is intended for children up to the age of six when compulsory education begins. Education is compulsory for children over 10 years, from six to sixteen. In higher secondary education there are normally sixteen to nineteen years of age, but there are also older students. Everyone who completes compulsory education, attends an equivalent primary education or passes sixteen has the right to enroll in upper secondary education. Those who have the right to enroll in upper secondary education have the right to attend higher secondary education even up to the age of 18. Higher education students generally must have passed the entrance examination or its equivalent. In accordance with adult and lifetime education law, both public and private authorities and entities and organizations may provide this type of education.

´ Pakistan is a Federal State. At the center is the Federal Government which comprises several Ministries and Divisions. Each Ministry or Division is headed by a Secretary who in turn is responsible to Minister. Ministers makeup the Cabinet which is headed by the prime Minister of Pakistan. Almost a similar pattern of administrative structure exists at the Provincial level. A large number of  ministries at the center have their counterparts in provinces which are known as Departments. Each Provincial Department is headed by a secretary who is responsible to a minister.    

 2.1 Ministry of Education

´ The Ministry of Education (MoE) is the central organization responsible for formulating national education policies and for development in the national education and also serves as coordinator of the policies and functions of the provincial education Departments. MoE is headed by the Federal Ministry for Education who is a member of the Cabinet.  He represents Ministry of Education in the Parliament or similar bodies at the federal level, submits cases to the Prime Minister for approval on important matters and keeps him informed of developments in education. He/she has his/ her office in the Education Secretary and a number of sections usually known as Wings or Cell.

2.2 Education Secretariat
a) Education Secretary

´ The federal education Secretary is the Chief Executive of the Education Secretariat. Responsible for the administration and implementation of Government’s decisions and policies relating to education.  He is assisted by a number of Joint Secretaries and Joint Education Advisers.  

2.2  Provincial Departments of Education

Pakistan is a Federation of four Provinces Punjab: Sindh, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Balochistan. According to the constitution, education in Pakistan is a provincial concern. Provinces are as a matter of  principle, independent in policy formulation and management of education within their administrative boundaries.  Major education policies are formulated at federal level and they are passed on to the provincial Education Departments for implementation. The provincial Departments of Education are counterparts of the Federal Ministry of Education.  In provinces, Ministers for Education are in charge of provincial Ministries of Education. Minister for Education is responsible for policy matters concerning the Department. Within a province the Minister for Education is responsible for policy matters concerning the Department.  The Minister keeps the provincial Governor informed about important developments in the field of education.

Responsibilities of Provincial Education Department

·        Implement Education Policy in province.

·         Supervision of Administrative aspects of Educational System.

·         Planning of Primary, Middle, Secondary, Intermediate and Higher Education.

·        Transfer and appointment of high ranked officers of Educational Department.

·        On – job training of Teachers.

2.4 Education secretariat

The Minister of Education of Pakistan is the Federal Secretary of the Ministry of Federal Education and Vocational Training. The position is held by a BPS-22 officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service.

The secretary led the ministry tasked with establishing policy guidelines for the preparation and training of the country's personnel to meet the national and international demand for skilled workers. After the eighteenth amendment to Pakistan's Constitution in 2010, the subject of education was shared by the federal government with the provincial governments, greatly reducing the power and mandate of the minister of federal education.

2.5 Directors Public Instructions (Schools Colleges)

Administration of schools and colleges in the province rests with the Directors of Public Instructions, Schools and Colleges. The details of organization and functions of the Directorate of Public Instruction (schools) are given as follows:

´ Deputy Director (Planning)

 He assists and advises the Director Public Instruction (Schools) in respect of planning and development in the Department.

´ Deputy Director

 He assists and advises the Director Public Instructions (Schools) for smooth running of administration and functions of the office. Appointing authority in respect of the posts in NPS-5 to NPS- 16.

´ Deputy Director (Deaf and Dumb)

His duty is to open and to administer the institutions for deaf, dumb and blind. He is an appointing authority in respect of posts NPS-I NPS-I 5.

´ Deputy Director (Audio Visual Aids)

 To help promotes the cause of education through Audio Visual Aid. He is also an appointing authority in respect of the posts from NPS- I to NPS-I5 in respect of his office.

´ Director Staff Development

Arrange refreshes-courses for guiding the teachers in the new methods of teaching. He is an appointing authority in respect of incumbents in NPS-I to NPS-I5 in respect of his office. He controls the teaching staff in elementary colleges.

´ Directors of Education (Schools)

There are eight Directorates of Education (Schools), one at each division i.e. Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Multan, D.G. Khan and Bahawalpur.

´ District Education Officers (Male/Female)

Appointing/transferring authority in respect of the posts borne on the District Cadre. Duties of Drawing and disbursing officer in respect of his/her own office.  Financial controls of the budget of Primary, Middle and High Schools in the District.  Planning and development work of the District.  To assist, guide the Department in respect of the academic matters. To attend all other matters as District Head of the Education Department.

´ Deputy Education Officers

They assist the District Education Officers in all matters and inspection of schools.

Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education

Functions of the Boards Important functions and powers of the Boards arc enumerated below:

´ To organize, regulate, develop and control intermediate education and secondary education.

´ To hold and conduct all examinations pertaining to intermediate education, secondary education. Pakistani and international languages and such other examinations as may be determined by the Government.

´ To lay down conditions for recognition of institutions.

´ To supervise the residence, health and discipline of the students of recognized institutions with a view to promotes their general welfare.

´ To institute and award scholarships, medals and prizes in the prescribed manner.

´ To organize and promote extra-curricular activities on and for recognized institutions.

Administrative Structure of the Boards

The business of the Boards is run by a large number of employees.  The Chairmen and Secretaries of the Boards arc appointed by the respective Governments on deputation. Other staff including Controllers; Deputy Controllers, Deputy Secretaries, Assistant Controllers, Secrecy Officers, Director of Physical Education, Directors/Deputy Directors/Assistant Directors Research Officers Accounts Officers and the lower staff are appointed on the recommendation of the Appointment Committee of the Board.

Examination, Promotion and Certification

Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISEs) and universities are the examining bodies. Following certificates/diplomas/degrees are awarded after the completion of certain level of education:

´ Secondary School Certificate (after 10 years schooling);

´ Higher Secondary School Certificate (after 12 years schooling);

´  Bachelor's Degree (after 14 years schooling);

´  and Master's Degree (after-16 schooling).

´  Universities confer M.Phil. and Ph.D. Degrees on the candidates Who complete certain requirements of the concerned level of studies.

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