Unit 2
Organizational structure of Secondary Education
Introduction
The education system is divided into four levels: pre-primary education, compulsory education (primary and lower secondary education with a structure), upper secondary and higher education. Adult education and art schools are also available, mainly music schools. Preliminary education is intended for children up to the age of six when compulsory education begins. Education is compulsory for children over 10 years, from six to sixteen. In higher secondary education there are normally sixteen to nineteen years of age, but there are also older students. Everyone who completes compulsory education, attends an equivalent primary education or passes sixteen has the right to enroll in upper secondary education. Those who have the right to enroll in upper secondary education have the right to attend higher secondary education even up to the age of 18. Higher education students generally must have passed the entrance examination or its equivalent. In accordance with adult and lifetime education law, both public and private authorities and entities and organizations may provide this type of education.
´ Pakistan is a Federal State. At the center is the Federal
Government which comprises several Ministries and Divisions. Each Ministry or
Division is headed by a Secretary who in turn is responsible to Minister.
Ministers makeup the Cabinet which is headed by the prime Minister of Pakistan.
Almost a similar pattern of administrative structure exists at the Provincial
level. A large number of ministries at
the center have their counterparts in provinces which are known as Departments.
Each Provincial Department is headed by a secretary who is responsible to a
minister.
´ The Ministry of Education (MoE) is the central organization
responsible for formulating national education policies and for development in
the national education and also serves as coordinator of the policies and
functions of the provincial education Departments. MoE is headed by the Federal
Ministry for Education who is a member of the Cabinet. He represents Ministry of Education in the
Parliament or similar bodies at the federal level, submits cases to the Prime
Minister for approval on important matters and keeps him informed of
developments in education. He/she has his/ her office in the Education
Secretary and a number of sections usually known as Wings or Cell.
2.2 Education Secretariat
a) Education Secretary
´ The federal education Secretary is the Chief Executive of the Education Secretariat. Responsible for the administration and implementation of Government’s decisions and policies relating to education. He is assisted by a number of Joint Secretaries and Joint Education Advisers.
2.2 Provincial Departments of Education
Pakistan is a Federation of four Provinces Punjab: Sindh, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Balochistan. According to the constitution, education in Pakistan is a provincial concern. Provinces are as a matter of principle, independent in policy formulation and management of education within their administrative boundaries. Major education policies are formulated at federal level and they are passed on to the provincial Education Departments for implementation. The provincial Departments of Education are counterparts of the Federal Ministry of Education. In provinces, Ministers for Education are in charge of provincial Ministries of Education. Minister for Education is responsible for policy matters concerning the Department. Within a province the Minister for Education is responsible for policy matters concerning the Department. The Minister keeps the provincial Governor informed about important developments in the field of education.
Responsibilities of Provincial Education Department
·
Implement
Education Policy in province.
·
Supervision of Administrative aspects of
Educational System.
·
Planning of Primary, Middle, Secondary,
Intermediate and Higher Education.
·
Transfer
and appointment of high ranked officers of Educational Department.
·
On –
job training of Teachers.
2.4 Education secretariat
The Minister of Education of Pakistan is the Federal Secretary of
the Ministry of Federal Education and Vocational Training. The position is held
by a BPS-22 officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service.
The secretary led the ministry tasked with establishing policy
guidelines for the preparation and training of the country's personnel to meet
the national and international demand for skilled workers. After the eighteenth
amendment to Pakistan's Constitution in 2010, the subject of education was
shared by the federal government with the provincial governments, greatly
reducing the power and mandate of the minister of federal education.
2.5 Directors Public Instructions (Schools Colleges)
Administration of schools and colleges in the province rests with
the Directors of Public Instructions, Schools and Colleges. The details of organization
and functions of the Directorate of Public Instruction (schools) are given as
follows:
´ Deputy Director (Planning)
He assists and advises the
Director Public Instruction (Schools) in respect of planning and development in
the Department.
´ Deputy Director
He assists and advises the
Director Public Instructions (Schools) for smooth running of administration and
functions of the office. Appointing authority in respect of the posts in NPS-5
to NPS- 16.
´ Deputy Director (Deaf and Dumb)
His duty is to open and to administer the institutions for deaf,
dumb and blind. He is an appointing authority in respect of posts NPS-I NPS-I
5.
´ Deputy Director (Audio Visual Aids)
To help promotes the cause
of education through Audio Visual Aid. He is also an appointing authority in
respect of the posts from NPS- I to NPS-I5 in respect of his office.
´ Director Staff Development
Arrange refreshes-courses for guiding the teachers in the new
methods of teaching. He is an appointing authority in respect of incumbents in
NPS-I to NPS-I5 in respect of his office. He controls the teaching staff in
elementary colleges.
´ Directors of Education (Schools)
There are eight Directorates of Education (Schools), one at each
division i.e. Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Multan,
D.G. Khan and Bahawalpur.
´ District Education Officers
(Male/Female)
Appointing/transferring authority in respect of the posts borne on
the District Cadre. Duties of Drawing and disbursing officer in respect of
his/her own office. Financial controls
of the budget of Primary, Middle and High Schools in the District. Planning and development work of the District.
To assist, guide the Department in
respect of the academic matters. To attend all other matters as District Head
of the Education Department.
´ Deputy Education Officers
They assist the District Education Officers in all matters and
inspection of schools.
Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education
Functions of the Boards Important functions and powers of the
Boards arc enumerated below:
´ To organize, regulate, develop and control intermediate education
and secondary education.
´ To hold and conduct all examinations pertaining to intermediate
education, secondary education. Pakistani and international languages and such
other examinations as may be determined by the Government.
´ To lay down conditions for recognition of institutions.
´ To supervise the residence, health and discipline of the students
of recognized institutions with a view to promotes their general welfare.
´ To institute and award scholarships, medals and prizes in the
prescribed manner.
´ To organize and promote extra-curricular activities on and for
recognized institutions.
Administrative Structure of the Boards
The business of the Boards is run by a large number of employees. The Chairmen and Secretaries of the Boards arc
appointed by the respective Governments on deputation. Other staff including
Controllers; Deputy Controllers, Deputy Secretaries, Assistant Controllers,
Secrecy Officers, Director of Physical Education, Directors/Deputy
Directors/Assistant Directors Research Officers Accounts Officers and the lower
staff are appointed on the recommendation of the Appointment Committee of the
Board.
Examination, Promotion and Certification
Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISEs) and
universities are the examining bodies. Following certificates/diplomas/degrees
are awarded after the completion of certain level of education:
´ Secondary School Certificate (after 10 years schooling);
´ Higher Secondary School Certificate (after 12 years schooling);
´ Bachelor's Degree (after 14
years schooling);
´ and Master's Degree
(after-16 schooling).
´ Universities confer M.Phil.
and Ph.D. Degrees on the candidates Who complete certain requirements of the
concerned level of studies.
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