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Unit- 5 Evaluation (0827)

  Unit 5 Evaluation Introduction Education is considered as an investment in human beings in terms of development of human resources, skills, motivation, knowledge and the like. Evaluation helps to build an educational programme, assess its achievements and improve upon its effectiveness. Definition   Gronlund and Linn: Evaluation is a systematic process of collecting, analysing and interpreting information to determine the extent to which pupils are achieving instructional objectives. Perhaps the most extended definition of evaluation has been supplied by C.E. Beeby (1977), who described evaluation as “the systematic collection and interpretation of evidence leading as a part of process to a judgement of value with a view to action.” Key Elements (i) Systematic collection of evidence. (ii) Its interpretation. (iii) Judgement of value. (iv) With a view to action. Evaluation at Secondary level Evaluation in Secondary School Student final evaluation i...

UNIT-4 Curriculum development at Secondary Level in Pakistan (0827)

  UNIT   4 Curriculum development at Secondary Level in Pakistan What is curriculum? Curriculum refers to the means and materials with which students will interact for the purpose of achieving identified educational outcomes. Curriculum is not a course, is not a syllabus. Its the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college. Introduction  The term curriculum has been derived from a Latin word „Currere‟ which means a „race course‟ or a runway on which one runs to reach a goal. If the teacher is the guide, the curriculum is the path. Curriculum is the total structure of ideas and activities. Definitions All the learning activities which are planned and guided by the school ,whether they are carried out in groups or individually ,inside and outside the school- kerr (1968). Curriculum is tool in the hand of the artist (teacher) to mould his material in accordance with his ideals in the school – Cunningham .   “A course especially the cou...