Job design involves systematic attempt to
organize tasks, duties and responsibilities into a unit of
work to achieve certain objectives. The process
by which managers decide individual job tasks and authority.
Job design is the process of
a)
Deciding the contents of the job.
b)
Deciding method to carry out the job.
c)
Deciding the relationship which exists in the
organization.
Job
Design provokes an insight to understand behavioral pattern of individuals and to adjust job accordingly so that
individuals could be more productive.
Goal/objective of job design theory:
·
To
Meet the organizational requirements such as higher productivity, operational efficiency, quality of product/service
·
To
satisfy the needs of the individual employees like interests, challenges,
achievement or accomplishment.
·
Integrate
the needs of the individual with the organizational requirements.
Main characteristics of job design
Herzberg's suggestions, J. Richard Hackman
offered a model of how to design jobs that provide motivation based on five
core job characteristics:
1. Skill
variety: allowing workers to use different skills and
talents to do a number of different activities.
2. Task
identity: workers are able to see a completed product
or project or some visible outcome that creates a sense of
accomplishment.
3. Task
significance: the tasks performed have some meaningful
impact on the organization, or the external environment.
4.
Autonomy: worker has some control over the job.
5.



Feedback: the
job includes some opportunity to show the worker if the tasks are done properly.




Not everyone will be motivated if all five
characteristics are present, but they set the
stage for employees who understand that their work is meaningful, feel responsible for the output, and actually know the results
of their efforts.
Importance of Job design:
·
Job
design is important for an organization to perform the organizational
activities in the most efficient and effective manner.
Job design serves to improve performance and motivation
·
Job
design is also play an important role
in function of staffing. If the jobs are designed properly, then highly efficient managers will
join the organization. They will be motivated to improve the
productivity and profitability of the organization. However, if the jobs are
designed badly, then it will result, in
absenteeism, hi• h labor
turnover, conflicts, and of other
labor problems.
·
Job
Design provokes an insight to understand behavioral pattern of individuals and
to adjust job accordingly so that individuals could be more productive.
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JOB DESIGN THEORY |
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