INFO4MYSTREY , Best Mark Mystery

Abraham Maslow was a foremost Psychologist. He developed a theory (Human Needs) in which he identified seven vital human needs according to level of urgency or exigency.  These needs according to the Maslow are: 1.      Physiological Needs: These are the biological or survival needs of man. They are the most basic needs that control the other needs. Until these needs are fulfilled or satisfied, man will not be able to go to the next level. Examples of these needs are the desire to eat food when hungry, drink water when thirsty or the need for rest, sex, air or to excrete unwanted materials from the body systems. After these survivals needs have been adequately taken care, they become less important and one moves to the next which is the desire for security and safety. 2.      Safety and Security Needs:  Human beings require safety and protection from danger or external aggressors. After one has successfully dealt with physi...

Students you have just seen what is observation and how it is conducted. Do you know there are different ways in which observation can be done, so let us see the different types of observation? 1.      Natural Observation: In natural observation we observe the specific behavioural characteristics of children in natural setting. Subject do not become conscious of the fact that their behaviour is being observed by someone. 2.      Participant – Observation:  Here the observer becomes the part of the group, which he wants to observe. It discloses the minute and hidden facts. 3.      Non-Participant Observation: Here the observer observes in such a position, which is least disturbing to the subject under study, the specific behaviour is observed in natural setting without subjects geting conscious that they are observed by some one. Non-participant observation permits the use of recording instruments. 4. ...

 Six  major areas covered by Educational Psychology are: • The Learner  • The learning Process  • The learning Situation  • The Teaching Situation  • Evaluation of Learning Performance • The Teacher 1.      The Learner:  Educational Psychology aquaints us with need of knowing the leaves and deals with the techniques of knowing him well. Following are the topics studied included in it: the innate abilities and capabilities of the individual differences and their measurements, the overt, convert, conscious as well as unconscious behaviour of the learner, the characteristics of his growth and development at each stage beginning from childhood to adulthood. 2.      The Learning Process:  After knowing the learner and deciding what learning experiences are to be provided, the emerging problem is to help learner in acquiring these learning experiences with ease and confidence. Hence, it dea...

  Following are the important characteristics of the nature of educational psychology:  • It is an applied branch of fundamental Psychology. • It combines two fields i.e. education and psychology.  • It is the scientific study of human behaviour in educational situation. • It is concerned with these factors, principles and techniques which relate to the various aspects of child’s growth and development.  • It is concerned with learning situation and process by which learning can be more efficient and effective. • Educational Psychology, draws heavily from various branches of psychology, biology sociology and anthropology  • Educational Psychology is not as exact as natural sciences since the human behavior cannot be predicated exactly, because it is dynamic. • Educational Psychology is a science of education dealing primarily with how, when and what of education

Organizational behavior (OB) is defined as the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work. As you will see throughout this book, definitions are important. They are important because they tell us what something is as well as what it is not. For example, we will not be addressing childhood development in this course—that concept is often covered in psychology—but we might draw on research about twins raised apart to understand whether job attitudes are affected by genetics.

The educational -researches are concerned with three goals and educational research activities are oriented to achieve these three Objectives: 1. Theoretical Objectives This may be referred to the development of theory. The scientific researches may lead to the establishment of new edifice of knowledge or thoughts. The theoretical research always has implications for future action and should allow the prediction of natural phenomenon. In educational, theoretical bases are given for practice. Theory of education deals with entire framework of Education. Theoretical expansion is essential in the field of education. 2. Factual Objectives A second objective of educational research is to find out-new facts or the accommodation of new facts. This serves descriptive function. An investigator usually concerns with the objective together specific information through surveys or historical studies. The problems of this nature can be solved  by scientific enquiry. 3. Practical Ob...

The educational researches may be classified into four types: 1. Experimental research, 2. Normative survey research, 3. Historical research, and 4. Complex casual research. 1. Hypotheses are indispensable for experimental researches. The experiments are conducted to collect empirical data to verify hypotheses. The experimental method or experimental designs are based on hypotheses. Hypotheses are the crucial aspects of such researches. 2. In normative survey research the investigator may or may not employ hypothetical type thinking, depending upon the purpose of the research study. Hypotheses are essential for analytical studies and there is little scope in descriptive type studies. 3. In historical research the purpose may be either to produce a faithful record of the past events irrespective of present day problem or to extend the experience with phenomena in the present to past in order to make the view of the phenomena. There is a little scope of hypotheses i...

The purpose of which historical research is undertaken is probably as varied as the many individuals who engage in the activity. They can be summarised into  major categories: 1. The foremost purpose of doing historical research is to gain a clear perspective of the present. Present problems e.g., racial integration or the recent opposition federal aid to education are undertaking only on the basis of third historical background. Most current events have a past “History” and it is generally necessary for us to acquaint ourselves with this history if we appreciate their real significance. 2. An understanding of the history of education should enable the educators to recognise the weakness of the educational system. 3. A common motive underlying historical research is the desire of the scientist to arrive at an accurate account of the past. This may involve nothing more than a scholarly interest in truth, i.e., the desire to know what happened and how? and why? the men of ...

The following are the main characteristics of the survey method of research: 1. The survey method gathers data from a relatively large number of cases at a particular time. 2. It is essentially cross-sectional. 3. It is not concerned with the characteristics of individuals. 4. It involves clearly defined problem. 5. It requires experts imaginative planning. 6. It Involves definite objectives. 7. It requires careful analysis and interpretation of the data gathered. 8. It requires logical and skilful reporting of the findings. 9. Surveys vary greatly in complexity. 10. It does not seek to develop an organised body of scientific principles. 11. It provides information ‘useful to the solution of local problems. 12. It contributes to the advancement of knowledge because affords penetrating insight into the nature of what one is dealing with. 13. It suggests the course of future developments. 14. It determines the present trends and solves current problems. ...

  Research exerts a significant influence over educational systems. Hence a researcher needs to adhere to an ethical code of conduct. These ethical considerations are as follows : ·         While a researcher may have some obligations to his / her client in case of sponsored research where the sponsoring agency has given him / her financial aid for conducting the research, he / she has obligations to the users, the larger society, the subjects (sample / respondents) and professional colleagues. He / she should not discard data that can lead to unfavourable conclusions and interpretations for the sponsoring agency. ·         The researcher should maintain strict confidentiality about the information obtained from the respondents. No information about the personal details of the respondents should be revealed in any of the records, reports or to other individuals without the respondents‘ permission. · ...

The various steps involved in the research process can be summarised as follows ; Step 1 : Identifying the Gap in Knowledge The researcher, on the basis of experience and observation realises that some students in the class do not perform well in the examination. So he / she poses an unanswered question : ―Which factors are associated with students‘ academic performance? Step 2 : Identifying the Antecedent / Causes On the basis of experience, observation and a review of related literature, he / she realises that students who are either very anxious or not at all anxious do not perform well in the examination. Thus he / she identifies anxiety as one of the factors that could be associated with students‘ academic performance.   Step 3 : Stating the Goals The researcher now states the goals of the study : 1. To ascertain the relationship of anxiety with academic performance of students. 2. To ascertain the gender differences in the anxiety and academic performance of stu...

 The initial task before a researcher would be just to enlist the basic concepts , their meanings ,scope , implications. In the field of education, he has to search for the theory and principles of his discipline. Research scholars in educational field should aim at upholding and re-interpreting the lofty traditions of the system. The educational system encounters various problems. However , the most convenient way to classify the problems on the basis of various dimensions of education like curriculum , syllabi , Aims and objectives , organization , administration ,equipment, methods of teaching , guidance , testing examination , evaluation etc. education is interdisciplinary subject. Its foundations are laid by subjects like Philosophy, Sociology , Psychology , Physics ,Chemistry , Mathematics , etc. The vast area of education can be sub-divided into various specific , independent and demarcated sub – areas for the benefits of the researcher. Hence , the need of educational ...