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Showing posts from May, 2016

عقل مند شاگِرد

حضرت جُنید بغدادیؒ بہت پہنچے ہوۓ بُزرگ تھے۔ اُن کے بہت سے مُرید اور شاگِرد تھے۔ ان میں ایک شاگرد ایسا تھا۔ جس کے ساتھ وہ بہت مہربانی سے پیش آتے تھے۔ حضرت جُنیدؒ کے دُوسرے شاگِردوں کو یہ بات اچھی نہیں لگتی تھی۔ اُنھوں نے ایک روز اُن سے شکایت کرتے ہُوۓ کہا: "آخر وہ بھی ہماری طرح آپ کا شاگِرد ہے۔ پھر آپ اُس کے ساتھ ہم سے زیادہ اچھا سلوک کیوں کرتے ہیں؟" حضرت جُنید نے جواب دیا "میرا یہ شاگِرد ادب اور عقل میں تم سے بہت بڑھا ہُوا ہے۔اسی وجہ سے میں اُسے زیادہ عزیز رکھتا ہُوں۔ تمھاری تسلی کے لیے ایک روز اس کا امتحان بھی ہو جاۓ گا۔" اِس کے چند روز بعد حضرت جُنیدؒ نے اپنے تمام شاگِردوں کو جمع کر کے اُنھیں ایک ایک مُرغی اور ایک ایک چُھری دی اور کہنے لگے: "جاؤ، اِن مُرغیوں کو ایسی جگہ ذبح کرو جہاں کوئی دیکھنے والا نہ ہو۔" سب شاگِرد گۓ اوراپنی اپنی مُرغی کو ایسی جگہ پر ذبح کر کے لے آۓ جہاں کوئی آدمی نہ تھا۔ مگر وہ شاگِرد اُسی طرح زندہ مُرغی واپس لے آیا۔ حضرت جُنیدؒ نے اُس سے پُوچھا: "کیوں بھئی، تم نے مُرغی کو ذبح کیوں نہیں کیا؟" شاگِرد نے عرض...

ماں کی خِدمت

حضرت بایزیدبُسطامیؒ ﷲ کے پیارے ولی تھے۔آپ اپنی والدہ کی خدمت کو سب سے بڑی عبادت اور اُن کی رضا مندی کو دُنیا کی سب سے بڑی نعمت جانتے تھے۔ ایک رات والدہ نے اُن سے پانی مانگا۔ حضرت بایزیدؒ پیالہ لے کر پانی لینے گۓ۔ صُراحی کو دیکھا تو وہ خالی پڑی تھی۔ کسی اور برتن میں بھی پانی نہ تھا۔ یہ دیکھ کر آپ دریا کی طرف چل دیے۔ اس رات سخت سردی پڑ رہی تھی۔جب آپ دریا سے پانی لے واپس آۓ تو والدہ سو چُکی تھیں۔ حضرت بایزیدؒ پیالہ لے کر والدہ کی پائنتی کی طرف کھڑے ہو گۓ۔ سردی کی وجہ سے آپ کو بڑی تکلیف محسُوس ہو رہی تھی مگر آپ نے اپنی تکلیف کا کچھ خیال نہ کیا اور پانی کا پیالہ لیے چُپ چاپ کھڑے رہے۔ کچھ دیر کے بعد آپ کی والدہ کی آنکھ کُھلی تو اُنھوں نے دیکھا کہ آپ پانی کا پیالہ لیے کھڑے ہیں۔ والدہ نے اُٹھ کر پانی پیا اور پھر کہنے لگیں: "بیٹے، تم نے اتنی تکلیف کیوں اُٹھائی پانی کا پیالہ میرے بستر کے قریب رکھ دیتے۔ میں اُٹھ لر خود پی لیتی۔" حضرت بایزیدؒ نے جواب دیا۔"آپ نے مُجھ سے پانی مانگا تھا۔ مُجھے اس بات کا ڈر تھا کہ جب آپ کی آنکھ کُھلے تو کہیں میں آپ کے سامنے حاضِر نہ ہُوں۔" ...

غریب گھر کی تلاش

حضرت شیخ عبدُالقادر جیلانیؒ ایک بار حج کرنے گۓ۔ خادموں اور مُریدوں کا ایک مجمح آپ کے ساتھ تھا۔ راستے میں ایک گاؤں کے قریب شام ہو گئی۔ آپ نے اپنے خادموں کو حکم دیا: "گاؤں میں جا کر معلوم کرو کہ سب سے زیادہ غریب کون ہے۔" خادِم گاؤں میں جا کرپتا کرنے لگے۔ معلوم ہُوا کہ اس گاؤں میں ایک گھر بہت غریب ہے۔ اس میں دو بوڑھے اور محتاج میاں بیوی رہتے ہیں اور ایک اُن کا لڑکا ہے۔ شیخ عبدُالقادر جِیلانی اپنے خادموں اور مُریدوں کے ساتھ اُس گھر میں تشریف لے گۓ اور اُن لوگوں سے کہا: "ہم تُمھارے مکان میں ٹھہرنا چاہتے ہیں۔ کیا ہمیں اس کی اجازت ہے؟" دونوں میاں بیوی جانتے تھے کہ شیخ عبدُالقادر جیلانی ﷲ کے ولی اور بڑی کرامت والے بُزرگ ہیں۔ اُنھوں نے عرض کی: "یا حضرت مکان حاضِر ہے مگر ہم آپ کی خدمت کے لائق نہیں ہیں۔" شیخ عبدُالقادر جیلانی نے اُنھیں تسلی دیتے ہوۓ کہا: "خدمت کی فکر نہ کرو۔ ہم تم سے خدمت لینے نہیں آۓ ہیں۔" پس شیخ عبدُالقادر جیلانیؒ اپنے خادموں اور مُریدوں کے ساتھ وہاں ٹھہر گۓ۔ جب اس بستی کے امیر لوگوں کو یہ معلوم ہُوا کہ حضرت ایک غریب...

Forms of resolving conflict

 Common forms of conflict resolution include: a)  Negotiation   Negotiation is the most basic means of settling differences. It is back-and-forth communication between the parties of the conflict with the goal of trying to find a solution.  Negotiation is a discussion among two or more people with the goal of reaching an agreement. Broadly speaking, negotiation is an interaction of influences. Such interactions, for example, include the process of resolving disputes, agreeing upon courses of action, bargaining for individual or collective advantage, or crafting outcomes to satisfy various interests. Negotiation is thus a form of alternative dispute resolution.   Negotiation is the most basic means of settling differences. It is back-and-forth communication between the parties of the conflict with the goal of trying to find a solution. b) Meditation  Mediation is a voluntary and confidential process in which a neutral third-party facilitator ...

Differences between data and information

Though the words 'data' and 'information' are often used interchangeably, there is clear distinction between the two. Some of the major differences are as follows: • Data are facts but information, though based on data, is not fact. • Though information arises from data, all data do not become information. There is a lot of selective filtering of data before processing them into information. • Data are the result of routine recording of events and activities taking place. Generation of information is user-driven which is not always automatic. • Data are independent of users whereas information is user dependent. Most information reports are designed to meet anticipated information needs of a user or a group of users. That is, information for one user is very likely to be data for other users.

What is Stereotype, Why People Stereotype and also discuss the Seven Mental Processes to Prove Stereotypes?

Stereotypes (or "characterizations") are generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image (often wrong) about what people in that group are like. For example, one study of stereotypes revealed that Americans are generally considered to be friendly, generous, and tolerant, but also arrogant, impatient, and domineering. Asians, on the other hand, are expected to be shrewd and alert, but reserved. Clearly, not all Americans are friendly and generous; and not all Asians are reserved. But according to this study, others commonly perceive them this way. Why People Stereotype Stereotypes are used to determine ready behaviors towards individuals belonging to different social categories. If we try to process the information about every individual in all situations, it will become highly inefficient. Stereotypes are part of human cognition and they are an important component of human relations and interperson...

What is arbitration and What factors should be considered before conducting the process of arbitration?

Ans : Arbitration is perhaps the most popular and widely known dispute resolution process. Like litigation, arbitration utilizes an adversarial approach that requires a neutral party to render a decision. Historically, arbitration has been used most widely in commercial disputes as a private alternative to litigation. Arbitration developed as a binding, adjudicative process. While these features closely parallel those of traditional court proceedings, there are important distinctions between the two processes which will be discussed further in this document. factors should be considered before conducting the process of arbitration When should a dispute be arbitrated? Enforceability and arbitrability. Enforceability: Whether the contract to arbitrate is valid and can be enforced against the party seeking to avoid arbitration. Arbitrability: Whether a particular dispute is subject to an agreement to arbitrate.

Different Styles of Mediation

There are many different styles of mediation. Not only is it important to find the right mediator for your case, it is also important to find the right mediation style for your case. Many mediators will use more than one style of mediation. 1. Facilitative Mediation Facilitative   is the most structured and the most utilized style of mediation (Linden). In the 1960’s and 1970’s, Facilitative mediation was the mainstream—the only style taught or practiced. The facilitative mediator “asks questions; validates and normalizes parties’ points of view; searches for interests underneath the positions taken by parties; and assists the parties in finding and analyzing options for resolution” (Zumeta). A mediator using this style is completely neutral. He or she does not give advice, recommendations or opinions (Etcheson 394). Zumeta states that the reason the facilitative mediator does not offer advice, recommendations or opinions is because this style developed when most mediators we...

What is Mediation, why it is recommended the most?

Ans: Mediation is a voluntary and confidential process in which a neutral third-party facilitator helps people discuss difficult issues and negotiate an agreement. Basic steps in the process include gathering information, framing the issues, developing options, negotiating, and formalizing agreements. Parties in mediation create their own solutions and the mediator does not have any decision-making power over the outcome. When it is required: When interpersonal conflict occurs, the most common approach to resolving it is negotiation- an interplay and dialogue between the disputants and their representative aimed at resolving the conflict. If negotiation does not resolve the conflict, and if the conflict involve legal issues, litigation is the only option many disputants see as recourse. 

Varieties of Mediation

1.  Triage mediation (court-connected process) Triage mediation is believed to be relatively uncommon today. Formerly, it was widely seen in court systems and was developed to divert large numbers of cases away from the trial system. This sort of mediation is typically very brief and focused. The goal of triage mediation is to get the dispute out of the court system as quickly as possible by seeking a quick settlement. The focus of triage mediation is typically narrow – it is focused in the short term on this dispute because that is all that’s needed to get the case out of court. The main advantage of triage mediation is that it’s cheap, it’s quick, and it clears court dockets. However, triage mediation presents a number of significant problems (Beck & Sales 2000). Because its principal goal is to save money and avoid court, mediators are often poorly trained and poorly and carry overly heavy caseload. 2. Bargaining-Based Mediation  Bargaining-based mediation is an...

Define relationships between tables

1. Close any tables you have opened . You cannot create or modify relationships between open tables. 2. If you have not already done so, switch to the Database window. You can press F11 to switch to the Database window from any other window, 3. Click Relationships on the tool bar. 4. If your database does not have any relationships defined, the Show Table dialog box will automatically be displayed. If you need to add the tables you want to relate and the Show Table dialog box is not displayed, click Show Table on the tool bar. If the tables you want to relate are already displayed, skip to step 6. 5. Double-click the names of the tables you want to relate, and then close the Show Table dialog box. 6. Drag the field that you want to relate from one table to the related field in the other table.

Disadvantages of Database

The following are some of the disadvantages of database: 1. Higher data processing costs The database system causes higher data processing costs. This is due to the strict and elaborate procedure for data access, updating and processing. 2. Increased hardware and software costs It requires more direct access memory capacity, greater communication capability (including communication software), and additional processing power. This increases the hardware and software costs. 3. Data insecurity and integrity Most of the security and integrity problems are related to the fact that many users have access rights to the database. Elaborate security systems are implemented to protect the database and to prevent unauthorized access. 4. Insufficient database expertise Database technology is complex. Most organizations do not have enough personnel with necessary expertise to implement and manage database systems.

Applications in Marketing

EXCEL's worksheet, database and graphic facilities make data analysis and presentation very handy for planning and controlling marketing activities. The following are some of the specific uses of EXCEL in marketing management. • Goal seek tool can be used in marketing management to find out relationship between sales price and profits, distribution cost and sales, promotion and sales etc. • Marketing Department can plan promotion and sales activities based on projected market scenarios and likely sales by using scenario tool. • Customer database can be created in EXCEL and it can be searched, analyzed etc. for information about customers. • EXCEL has a variety of statistical tools to analyze the sales, customer and market data for planning marketing activities.

Rules for variable names in SPSS

A   Variable name   is used to refer to a variable (column of the data matrix) for all commands dealing with data in SPSS. The following rules apply when creating new variables or changing the name of an existing variable: Variable names must be unique in a   Dataset . Variable names are up to 64 characters long and can only contain letters, digits and nonpunctuation characters (except that a period (.) is allowed. Spaces are not allowed in a name (traditionally - if intended - an underscore "_" character is used instead, e.g. trust_in_media, an alternative to this might be capitalisation: TrustInMedia) Upper and lowercase letters are not distinguished. AA, aa, Aa and aA refer to the same variable. SPSS keeps case as it is entered, e.g. "SocialStatus" The first character must be a letter. @, #, or $ are also used, but then for a special purpose (that is beyond this document). It is best to avoid them unless you...

Introduction of SPSS

The “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” (SPSS) is a package of programs for manipulating, analyzing, and presenting data; the package is widely used in the social and behavioral sciences. There are several forms of SPSS. The core program is called SPSS Base and there are a number of add-on modules that extend the range of data entry, statistical, or reporting capabilities. SPSS is a Windows based program that can be used to perform data entry and analysis and to create tables and graphs. SPSS is capable of handling large amounts of data and can perform all of the analyses covered in the text and much more. SPSS is commonly used in the Social Sciences and in the business world, so familiarity with this program should serve you well in the future. SPSS is updated often. This document was written around an earlier version, but the differences should not cause any problems

Advantages of Database Systems

The database system approach has the following advantages • Data independence The data are logically designed into databases and they are independent of applications. Since the data are program independent, any application can use them without any modification to the code. • Data shareability  Database permits simultaneous multiple access to the database. Thus, multiple users can share the same data. • Data integrity Access to the database is controlled by the database management system. The system authorizes personnel for entering, editing and deleting data. It also authorizes people to access data for various data processing activities. Since the database stores one data item only in one place and updates it with fresh transaction data automatically, there is little chance of inconsistency in the database. • Data availability. The database is centrally controlled and access to data is permitted through an authorization scheme. The data resources are therefo...

Updating Process

Both the master file and transaction file are read (1) The keys are then compared. (2) If the master file key is less than the transaction file key, no change is required. The record is copied to the new master file. (3) If the master file key is equal to Transaction file key, then the record is to be either deleted or modified. (4) If the master file key is greater than transaction file key, then it means that the transaction file record is new and is therefore to be copied to the new master file. (5) Three generations of files are maintained always. Hence the name Grandfather-father-son update.

Modes of File Access

The computer file can be accessed in three modes: sequential, random and dynamic. 1.Sequential Access This means that for accessing a record sequentially, the file has to be read from the beginning, that is record 1, record 2, and so on until the required record is reached. The access time of a single record depends on where in the file the record is stored. That is, if it is the first record in the file, it takes much less time to access than a record that is at the end of the file. 2.Random Access This method takes the same time for accessing the record in the file wherever the record is physically located in the file. The storage location of the record is obtained by converting the key value of the record into its numeric location address by hash function. Then the record is located directly. 3.Dynamic Access This mode combines both sequential and random modes of access. At times, it may be required to start sequential access from a given record only. For example...

Creating a Database in Excel

• The first row of the database must be used for field names (that is, the column headings) • The field names must be unique. • Records must be entered without leaving any empty row between field names and the first record in the database. • Each row must contain one full record.

TYPES OF ERRORS

1. Syntax errors Each programming language has a character set and certain rules for programming. For example, each language has certain rules for combining characters into words, for variable types and names etc. If these rules are violated, they result in syntax errors. Syntax errors can be detected at the time of compiling. 2. Logical errors This type of errors occurs due to error in processing data. For example, to find the value of a purchase by a customer, the program must find the product of the unit price and the number of units purchased by the Customer. If the program finds the sum of these two numbers, it results in logical error. 3. Run-time errors These errors occur only when the program is executed. So, they are called run-time errors. For example, a program may try to open a file which is not created. Since it needs that file for input or output operation, the program cannot complete its execution.

Advantages of Spreadsheet

• Calculation can be done easily and quickly • It produces accurate results • Data in a worksheet can be displayed and manipulated. • Data can be converted into graph • The entire worksheet or part of it can be printed. • Facilitates carrying out 'what if' analysis • The data in a worksheet

Create a document template

1. Do one of the following: To base a new template on an existing document, click Open on the File menu , and then open the document you want. To base a new template on an existing template, click New on the File menu. Click a template that is similar to the one you want to create, click Template under Create New , and then click OK . 2. On the File menu, click Save As. 3. In the Save as type box, click Document Template . This file type will already be selected if you are saving a file that you created as a template. 4. The default folder is the Templates folder in the Save in box. To save the template so that it will appear on a tab other than General , switch to the corresponding sub-folder within the Templates folder. 5. In the File name box, type a name. for the new template, and then click Save. 6. In the new template, add the text and graphics you want to appear in all new documents that you base on the template, and delete any items you do n...

Steps in Merge printing

• Create the static part of the form letter • Choose 'Mail Merge' from Tools menu • Follow the steps in the Mail Merge helper to set main document and attach a data source. • Use the mail merge tool bar to insert merge fields into the form letter • Merge the form letters into a file and save the new merged file. Check the new merged file to know whether merging is properly done. If it is right, print the merged file to generate the letters.

PROGRAM TESTING

Program may have errors. Testing is the process of checking the program for errors. Testing starts once the programmers finish coding work. The test is done in three stages: unit testing, integration testing and system testing. These will be followed by acceptance testing. 1. Unit Testing Large programs are divided into a number of modules for fast coding and testing. A module is part of a large program. Many such parts make up a single program. Each module is then assigned to a programmer or a group of programmers. So, many teams of programmers work on different modules of the program. Once a module is fully coded by a team, it starts testing the module. Module level testing is called unit testing. Each module is tested for errors according to a pre-decided test plan. The errors in each module are detected and corrected at the unit test stage. 2. Integration testing This test is done step by step by integrating one module with another module. It starts with a root module. ...

Features of Word Processing

Word processing software makes document generation and management very efficient. Some of the important features of word processing software are: • It permits printing selected text • It allows to change font and size of fonts • It allows to adjust page size and margins • Facility to right justify, left justify and justify selected text within the document • Adjustable line spacing and character spacing • Layered indentation facility to add bulletins and numbers to lines or paragraphs. • Facility to move text within the document • Facility to define headers and footers in a document • Creating multiple column documents Indexing a document • Preparing table of contents facility to check spelling and grammar • Choosing most appropriate word using built-in thesaurus

Advantages of Word Processing

1. Word processing software produces error-free documents. Word processing software like MS Word marks out errors by underlining the word having error in red ink. If it is grammatical error, such error is marked in green. The user can correct the error. MS Word has. facility to automatically correct errors . It helps the user in producing error free documents. 2. It avoids retyping documents. If there are errors, the errors can be corrected without retyping the whole document. The user can see the document on the screen and manipulate the text until satisfied without retyping the whole document as is required in the case of typewritten documents. 3. It permits in printing multiple copies of the document. Once a document is created, any number of copies can be printed out of it. If the document is printed on dot matrix printer, multiple copies can be produced in just one printing. 4. It permits in checking spelling and grammar automatically. Word processing software chec...

Copying and Moving - Using Cut, copy, and Paste

Text or objects can be copied or moved from one place in the document to another easily by cutting and copying the text or object and pasting it to the appropriate place or places in the document. Steps for cutting and pasting text in a document are: 1. Select the text 2. Click 'cut' on ' Edit' menu or use cut button on the tool bar. It can also be done by the keyboard shortcut Ctr+X. 3 . Move the cursor to the place where the text is to be moved or copied. 4. Paste the text by choosing Paste from Edit menu or clicking Paste button . It can also be done by the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+V.

Steps to run AutoFormat

• First, save a copy of the file the user wants to AutoFormat • Click 'AutoFormat' on the 'Format' menu Specify whether user wants to AutoFormat plain document, a letter, or an email message. The formatting applied is slightly different in each case. • Click 'OK' to run it • AutoFormat gives an option of reviewing the changes with a choice to the user to accept or reject the changes. • AutoFormat also provides access to the styles gallery that permits changing of document styles.

چالیس دِینار

  آج سے کئی سو سال پہلے کی بات ہے ، مُلک عراق کے ایک قصبے جیلان میں ایک لڑکا رہتا تھا ۔اُس کا باپ مَر چُکا تھا۔ صرف ماں تھی۔ وہ بڑی نیک اور عقلمند عورت تھی۔ اُس نے پہلے تو لڑکے کو خود تعلیم دی، پھر قصبے کے مدرسےمیں بٹھا دیا ۔ قصبے میں تعلیم ختم کرنے کے بعد ماں نے دیکھا کہ لڑکے کو اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کرنے کا شوق ہے تو اُس نے اُسے بغداد بھیجنے کا فیصلہ کر لیا۔ اُس زمانے میں بغداد کا شہر تعلیم کے لیے ساری دُنیا میں مشہور تھا۔ مگر لڑکے کو بغداد بھیجنا آسان بات نہ تھی۔اُن دنوں سفر کرنا مُشکل تھا۔ ریل اور موٹر تو بڑی بات ہے ، گھوڑا گاڑیاں تک نہ تھیں۔ لوگ گھوڑوں اور اُونٹوں پر سفر کرتے تھے۔ دُوسرے جگہ جگہ ڈاکوؤں کے گروہ موجُود تھے۔ جو مُسافروں کو لُوٹ لیا کرتے تھے۔ اس لیے لوگ اکیلے سفر کرنے کے بجاۓ قافلوں کی صُورت میں سفر کرتے تھے۔ اِتفاق سے اُنھی دنوں ایک قافِلہ بغداد جا رہا تھا۔ ماں نے اپنے لڑکے کو اس قافلے کے ساتھ کر دیا اور چلتے وقت اُسے نصیحت کی: " بیٹا ، ہر حال میں سچ بولنا۔ " لڑکے نے اپنی ماں کی نصیحت پر عمل کرنے کا وعدہ کیا اور پھر اُس کی دُعائیں لے کر قافِلے کے ساتھ ...

اِیمان دار تاجِر

  حضرت اِمام ابُو حنیفہؒ قُرآن اور حدیث کے بہت بڑے عالم تھے۔ آپ مُلک عراق کے ایک شہر کُوفہ کے رہنے والے تھے اور کپڑے کی تجارت کرتے تھے۔ آپ کو ہمیشہ اس بات کا خیال رہتا تھا کہ جو آمدنی بھی ہو وہ حق حلال کی ہو۔ ایک بار اِمام ابُو حنیفہؒ نے اپنے ایک نوکر کو کپڑے کے کچھ تھان دے کہ جا کر بازار میں فروخت کر آؤ۔ان میں سے ایک تھان میں کچھ خرابی تھی۔ آپ نے نوکر کو سمجھاتے ہُوۓ کہا : "دیکھو ، جب تم یہ تھان فروخت کرنے لگو تو گاہک کو بتا دینا کہ اس میں یہ خرابی ہے تاکہ گاہک دھوکے میں نہ رہے۔ " نوکر تھان لے کر بازار چلا گیا۔ اتفاق ایسا ہُوا کہ تمام تھان بڑی اچھی قیمت پر بِک گۓ مگر نوکر کو اس بات کا خیال نہ رہا جو اِمام ابُو حنیفہؒ نے اُسے سمجھائی تھی۔ اِس نے گاہک کو بتایا ہی نہیں کہ ان میں سے ایک تھان خراب ہے۔ تھانوں کی فروخت سے جو رقم ملی نوکر اسے لے کر خوش خوش گھر آیا۔اس کا خیال تھا کہ یہ رقم دیکھ کر اِمام صاحبؒ بہت خوش ہوں گے۔ مگر جب نوکر نے وہ رقم اِمام صاحبؒ کے حوالے کی تو آپ نے اُس سے پوچھا : "کیا تم نے وہ خراب تھان گاہک کو دکھا دیا تھا اور اُسے بتا دیا تھا کہ اِس ...

ڈاکُو کی بات

 اِمام غِزالیؒ بہت بڑے عالِم دین تھے۔ آپ ایران کے شہر طُوس کے رہنے والے تھے۔ طُوس میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد آپ عراق روانہ ہوۓ تاکہ وہاں کے مدرسہ نظامیہ میں داخل ہو کر اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کر سکیں۔ اِمام صاحبؒ ایک قافلے کے ساتھ سفر کر رہے تھے کہ ایک ویران جگہ پر ڈاکُوؤں نے قافلےپرحملہ کر دیا اور قافلے والوں کو لُوٹنے لگے۔ اِمام غزالیؒ کے پاس مال اسباب تو کچھ تھا نہیں، ہاں ایک چیز ایسی تھی جسے وہ بہت قیمتی سمجھتے تھے۔ یہ اُن کے اپنے ہاتھ کی لکھی ہوئی ایک کتاب تھی۔ اس کتاب میں اُنھوں نے اپنے اُستاد کی پڑھائی ہوئی باتوں کو لِکھ رکھا تھا۔ اس لیے وہ اس کو بہت قیمتی سمجھتے تھے۔ جب ڈاکوؤں نے اِمام صاحب سے یہ کتاب چھین لی تو اُنھیں بہت رنج ہُوا۔ وہ اپنی جان کی پروا نہ کرتے ہوۓ ڈاکوؤں کے سردار کے پاس گۓ اور کہا: "آپ کے آدمی میری کتاب چھین لاۓ ہیں۔ آپ کے لیے تو وہ کتاب کوئی قیمت نہیں رکھتی مگر میرے لیے بے حد قیمتی ہے۔ میں نے اپنے استاد سے جو کچھ پڑھا ہے، وہ سب اُسی میں لکھ رکھا ہے۔ آپ یہ کتاب مجھے واپس کر دیں تو مہربانی ہو گی۔" ڈاکوؤں کا سردار اِمام صاحب کی یہ بات سن کر ہنسا اور ...