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Principles of Research

—   A researcher should be very clear about the problem under study. —   Review of related literature is of great worth. Basically its study of already existing relevant study which has done previously. It will tell you the review of studies done by others. —   A researcher should always adopt safe assumptions. —   A researcher should Try   to be as objective as he/she can. —   A researcher should be honest he/she don’t have to prove but has to disclose facts. —   Try to ensure the relevance of related literature. Wrong source of data mean wrong findings, wrong conclusions, make sure you are not knocking at the wrong door. —   Pre – testing of research tool is of great significance. —   Suitable and relevant statistics should be used .

Centrality of Ethics to Leadership

Ethics is the center of leadership because of the nature of the relationship between leaders and followers. Leaders influence followers - this means that they influence the lives of negative or positive followers. The nature of influence depends on the personality and behavior of leaders (especially the nature and outcome of behavior). Leaders have more power - interpersonal and / or formal hierarchical power - and therefore have greater responsibility regarding their impact on their followers. Leaders have influenced followers in pursuit and success of common goals. In such a situation, leaders should respect and treat their followers with dignity. In other words, leaders should treat their followers as individuals with unique identities. Finally, leaders have helped to develop and establish organizational standards. Their own values ​​determine what kind of ethical climate will develop in their organizations.  The centrality of leadership ethics of leadership is the center...

Characteristics of Research in Education

·      It is controlled. In real life for an outcome  there could be many affecting factors. In a study  of cause and effect relationships one has to link  effects with causes and causes with effects. ·      Establishment of this linkage is impossible unless  it is a laboratory test. Therefore instead of  controlling external factors we have to quantify  the impact of such factors. ·      It is rigorous . Procedures followed to find  answers to a problem must be relevant, appropriate  and justifiable. Researcher needs to be very  careful about this. ·      It is systematic . Procedures adopted for a  research should follow a logical sequence.  Some procedures must follow others. ·      It should be valid and verifiable . Your  research conclusion based on findings should  be correct and c...

Definition of Ethics

·         The ethical term refers to a group of rules that govern our actions and values ​​and that serve as a standard in a society. Some authors recognize it from the ethical term, while others treat it as synonymous. Personally I see a slight difference for the essence, morality is prescriptive and when misinterpreted is seen as negative and serious. ·         Ethics is defined by The Concise Oxford English Dictionary as "the science of morality, the discourse on it, the moral principles or the rules of conduct." ·         Rushworth Kidder claims that "the common ethical meanings often contain expressions such as" the science of perfect human nature "or" the science of moral duty. " ·         Richard William Paul and Linda Elder call ethics "a series of concepts and principles that guide us in determining which behaviors are helpful or o...

Characteristics of Competency based Teacher Education

Program-based programs are often focused on the truth; Students spend a lot of time in schools that participate with children, and many of their skills are examined in that environment. The features described here can also be found separately from other teaching techniques, but the integration of these features into a systematic process makes this unique approach. ·         It measures learning instead of time. ·         Growth is measured by demonstrating their ability, which means that they prove that they have mastered the knowledge and skills. ·         Use the power of technology to teach and learn. ·         The learning-based ability allows teachers to focus on gaining skills and knowledge and learning at their own pace. ·         Provides standards for measuring employee performance and capabil...

Trends in industrial countries

—   The division of studies between industrialized  and non- industrialized countries is still very important ,i.e —   In the Soviet researches the content which is focused most is about legislation , finance, administration, pre-school system, quality of general education, preparation for higher education,   moral education, teachers and teacher training, and latest research techniques.. —   Germany is still focusing on the teaching and the upbringing of the youth and the basic education policy of the country under study. —   In Japan, America and some other countries of Asia the comparative study is to be deal in the institutions of higher education. —   European comparative education is still firmly focused on philosophy, pedagogy and system organization whereas the North America has dominated with the positivist in methodology and structural and functional differences of the systems. —     Unfortunately no research findings ...

Management of change projects

Management is a structured approach to transfer individuals, teams and organizations from a current state to a desired future state to fulfill or implement a vision and strategy. It is an organizational process that aims to enable employees to accept and embrace changes in their current environment. The change initiatives are increasingly organized as projects and projects are more closely related to the elements of change. Project managers say changes agents, and the effective management of such changes is recognized as a factor contributing to the success of the project. Changes to the project are inevitable. It's the only thing we can be sure of a project, there will be change. It's how we change and requests for changes to govern failed the difference between a successful project. One of the key factors for a successful project is well managed change. When managing your project, it is important to have in place a process for managing changes to the project. The...

Trends in Comparative Education

·         Trends in the past According to the data collected from the journals published during the period 1975-85 the comparison was carried out between industrial and non industrial countries of that era. The major focus for comparison was on 1.      Moral values in education. 2.      Guidance and counseling. 3.      State of education and school system. 4.      Higher education and national goals of education etc. —   The researches which were carried out during the same era   (1975-85) covered the areas for comparison like a)      Economics of education b)     Teacher education c)      Education planning and policy(EPP) d)     Curriculum and educational statics'. e)      Pre –education and higher education. f)       N...

Communication in Project Management

Communication is the oil the wheels of a project helps - and any organization - run smoothly. We never talk enough, and rarely do we talk as consistently as we deserve. The problem with communication is that everyone is doing it - more or less - and we hope and assume that the message was sent. The problem is that many barriers (filter) the communication process: Effective communication is critical to the success of the project. Communication does not just provide stakeholders with valuable information and milestones, it also creates a dialogue between stakeholders, covering pockets of resistance and building commitment to the project. When the level of an organizational change as a result of the application of a standard system increases, the height and depth of communication should also increase. Within this context, the term Communication consists of: • Providing factual information • Request information or contributions from key people • Offering views and...